Artificial Intelligence: Past and Future

Moshe Y. Vardi
Chess fans remember many dramatic chess matches in the 20th century. I recall being transfixed by the 1972 interminable match between challenger Bobby Fischer and defending champion Boris Spassky for the World Chess Championship. The most dramatic chess match of the 20th century was, in my opinion, the May 1997 rematch between the IBM supercomputer Deep Blue and world champion Garry Kasparov, which Deep Blue won 3½–2½.
I was invited by IBM to attend the rematch. I flew to New York City to watch the first game, which Kasparov won. I was swayed by Kasparov’s confidence and decided to go back to Houston, missing the dramatic second game, in which Kasparaov lost—both the game and his confidence.
Read full text and other AI papers here